Manually operated dry shaver



2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. Godfrg flalkowitz, Kim K W t M Le ATToRNgYsJan. 28, 1941. s. DALKOWITZ MANUALLY OPERATED DRY SHAVER Filed June 8,1938 33 1 (D KI Patented Jan. 28, 1941 lJNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

' MANUALLY OPERATED DRY sHAvEn Godfrey Dalkowitz, Brooklyn, N. Y.,assignor to American Safety Razor Corporation, Brooklyn, N. Y., acorporation of Virginia Application June a, less, Serial No. 212,436

l5 Claims. (oi. l85--l1) this invention relates in general to shavingapparatus or implements of the type known asdry shavers which operateupon the principles oi hair clippers and in which the so-called shavingoperation is effected by bringing each hair ill between two relativelymovable members so as to result in a hair clipping operation, as in aconventional clipper.

(More particularly, this invention relates to an arrangement by whichthe relative movement oi the movable members is effected.

Devices of this type are generally operated by a motive source developedby a source of energy within the shaver such as an electric motor orfrom an outside source of motive power delivered to it as by a flexibleshaiting.

One of the general objects of my invention is the provision of anarrangement whereby the motive force for operating the dry shaver ismanually developed and applied for such operation, and from one aspect,my invention contemplates that the arrangement be such that the manuallydeveloped motor force be discharged at such a rate as to give arelatively steady flow oi energy of suliicient intensity and duration toeffect the shaving operation, and -irom another aspect, my inventioncontemplates that a portion oi the developed motive force be stored fordisdrawings, 1 disclose an apparatus whereby the application of energythereto manually, will cause one portion of my apparatus to start theoperation or the razor at the desired rate of speed, and another portionof my apparatus to store a portion of the manually developed energy andto discharge said stored energy to the first mentioned portion when saidportion 'fails to operate the shaver parts at the rate predetermined foreifective shaving.

These objects and such other objects as will hereinafter appear or bepointed out are attained by the illustrative embodiments of my inventiondisclosed in the drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a plan view of a dry shaver;

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view substantially on the line 2--2of Figure 1 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1 with the portion of the casingremoved so as to disclose the interior of the dry shaver casing;

Figure 4 is an enlarged detail view of a portion of the power mechanism;

Figure 5 is a sectional view of a detail su stantially on the line 5-5of Figure 4, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 6 is a side elevational' view of a dry shaver featuring a secondembodiment of.my invention, portions being broken away to disclose theinterior construction;

Figure 'l is a view similar to Figure 2 or another embodiment of myinvention;

Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing still another embodimentof my invention; and

Figure 9 is an enlarged detail view of a portion of the mechanism ofFigure 8.

Referring first of all to Figures 1 to 5 inclusive for a detaileddescription of the embodiment of my invention disclosed therein, it willbe observed that I have shown a dry shaver comprising a shaver head itmounted on a casing 112, which latter houses the mechanism tor actuatingthe shaver.

Before describing my invention in detail, l2 will premise that itcomprises generally the following elements: (a) a mechanism comprisingmeans such as a fly wheel for operating the dry shaver parts; (b) amechanism for storing power manually applied thereto such as a coilspring; (c) a device for applying power manually to either or both ofsaid mechanisms and (d) an arrange ment by which said two mechanisms arecaused to interact and one to supplement the other.

The manually operated actuating mechanism is shown as comprising a leverM pivoted to the casing as at it, and urged by means such as a spring itto normally assume aposition shown in Figure l and in dot and. dashlines in Figure 3, in which it protrudes out of the casing. The lever itmay be pushed intorthe casing in Figure 3 in which it is positionedclose to or even within the contours of the casing, and when it is inthis I position it may be prevented from moving outward by any suitableor preferred locking means, such as the slidably mounted plate ill] thatmay he slid into the position shown in Figure 3 in which it overlies thelever l4 and keeps it from moving outward. When the plate 20' isretracted into the position shown in Figure 1, it will permit the leverM to move outside of the casing.

At its free end the lever M is shown as carrying an arcuate extensionit? provided with rack teeth 24 adapted to mesh with the teeth of apinion 26 mounted on a main shaft 28 journalled within the casing i2, asfor example, in a frame 30, and

ill

Std

serving to carry the actuating mechanism for the shaving head III.

Operatively positioned intermediate the pinion 26 and the shaft 26 is anarrangement whereby the shaft may be locked to the pinion on the inwardmovement of the lever H, but the pinion will be released from the shafton the outward movement of the lever H. For this purpose I may usemechanism of the one way clutch or "free wheel clutch" type, such asshown in the drawings in Figures 4 and 5, and that may comprise a hollowmember 30', which is shown as an extensionof the pinion 26 within whichis positioned a cam member 32 and rollers 34. As

is well understood, when the shaft 28, as shown in Figure 5, rotatescounterclockwise in relation to the casing 30' the rollers 34 will rideup on the cam surfaces and interlock the member 32 and the casing 30'.If relative rotation in the reverse direction takes place the rollersenter pockets into which they fit freely and have no interlockingeffect. If the casing 80' outruns the shaft 26 in a counterclockwisedirection, there will be no interlocking.

As the shaft 28 is rotated by the lever i4 it will serve to wind up acoil spring 36 located within a hollow gear 44 and having its inner endfastened to the shaft 26 as indicated at 40 in Figure 4 while its outerend is fastened to the flange 38 of the gear 46 as indicated at 52 inFigure 4. The flange as is journalled within a casing 59 that is held infixed relation to the frame 30 in any suitable or preferred manner, asby a member 66. The gear 44 is shown as meshing with a train of gearsincluding members 46, 48, 50 and 52, the last named being coupled to ashaft 54, that serves to actuate the shaver head, through a one wayclutch mechanism designated by the numeral 56, which may be of the typeshown in Figure 5.

The casing 59 carries a pawl 53 adapted to engage the teeth of theratchet 60 fixedly related to the shaft 28. It will be observed thatwhen the shaft 28 is rotated in the proper direction and the gear 44 isfixed the spring 36 will be wound up, while if the'gear is released thespring 36 will uncoil since the shaft 26 and the inner end of the springare held against rotation in one direction by the pawl 58 which ismounted on the fixed casing 59.

Fixedly associated with the pinion 26 is shown I a ratchet 62 adapted tobe engaged by a pawl 64 carried by a bevel wheel 66 meshing with a bevelwheel 66, which latter is connected to the shaft 54 by one way clutch10. When lever I4 is pushed inward the wheel 66 is rotated, while whenit moves outward the pawl 64 is free to ride over the teeth of ratchet62 and the wheel 66 is free.

Shaft 54 which constitutes the actuating shaft for the dry shaver headis shown as carrying thereon an inertia member in the form of a flywheel 12. The fly wheel serves the two-fold function of making moresmooth the action of the shaver head and of storing energy, so thatafter it is set in motion the energy stored therein will serveto operatethe shaver head for a considerable time after manual actuation of thefly wheel is stopped.

With the aid of the foregoing description of the construction theoperation will now be described.

A person desiring to use a dry shaver will actuate the lever l4 byalternately pushing it toward the case and releasing it. This will causeoneway rotation of the shaft 28, which will rotate the fly wheel 12throughthe train of gearing. At the same time the spring 86 will bewound.

As long as the rotational speed of the fly wheel is less than that ofthe beveled gear 68 it will be driven by the said gear due to the actionof the one-way clutch. However when gear 66 slows down the fly wheel isfree to outrun the gear 66. The same holds true of the fly wheel shaft54 in relation to the gear 52 driven by the clock mechanism. It willfurther be observed that of the gears 52 and 68, that one will drive theshaft 54 which has the greater speed, while the other one will run idle.The result is that while the lever i4 is being pushed inward the flywheel will ordinarily be driven by said movement and when the levermoves outward under the action of the spring i8, the shaft 54 willoutrun the gear 68. During the outward movement of the lever the spring36 will unwind and will commence to drive the fly wheel.

After the fly wheel has been sufficiently speeded up, manipulation ofthe handle may be stopped, and the shaving operation commenced. It isnot, however, necessary to commence the shaving operation immediatelyafter the manipulation, as the shaver will be kept in motion for aconsiderable time after the manipulation has stopped, because of theenergy stored in the fly wheel and the spring.

If desired an arrangement may be provided to control the speed ofunwinding of the spring 36. It may, for instance, be in the form of anescape" ment such as is used in clocks and mechanical toys. As I havefound that my invention will work satisfactorily without such anarrangement, I have not illustrated it.

In the embodiment of Figure 6 I have shown a manually operated dryshaver in which the operations of spinning the fly wheel and winding thespring are effected by a handle instead of by a pivoted lever as in thefirst described embodiment. In that figure, Iill designates the casingof the shaver, H2 designates an input shaft through which the mechanismmay be energized, and H4 designates a handle that may be applied to theshaft I I2 when it is desired to apply and to store energy, and whichmay be removed prior to using the shaver, or when it is desired to storeit.

While the handle has been shown as of a type commonly used on clocks, itis to be understood that it may be of any suitable or preferred type,such as a crank, for example.

The embodiment of Figure 7 is similar in many respects to the firstdescribed embodiment and for that reason the description thereof may beabridged by stating that similar parts have been numbered similarly butthe numbers have been primed.

On comparing Figures 2 and 7 it will be observed that each part ofFigure 2 has its counterpart in Figure 7. The point of distinction liesin the location of the bevel wheel 68' which, together with the pawl 64'and ratchet 62', is shown as located to the left of the pinion 26' andthe meshing bevel wheel 68, whereas the corresponding parts in Figure 2are located to the right.

The result of this arrangement of the parts will be observed to be thaton the inward movement of the arm 22' the spring will be wound,

as in the embodiment of Figure 2, but the bevel wheel 66' will run idle,while when the arm 22 moves outwardly the bevel wheel 66' will beactuated while the spring will be discharging its energy and cooperatingwith the bevel wheel 83' to actuate the fly wheel I2.

In the embodiment of Figures 8 and 9 I have shown an arrangement inwhich instead of the automatically acting one-way clutches on the flywheel shaft, positively operated clutches are shown, and these areoperated by the movement of the operating lever to alternately connectthe clock work or the direct drive to the fly wheel.

In these figures I designates the main shaft on which is mounted a oneway clutch I22 having gear teeth I24 in its periphery that are adaptedto mesh with the teeth 26 oil the arm I20 carried by the operating leverI30. Movable with the lever I30 is a cam arrangement I32, which, as thelever I30 moves in, moves a pivoted clutch arm I34 to the right, asshown in Figure 8, whereby the iorlred end I35 of the lever, thatengages the groove I36 in the clutch collar I38 rotatably connected tobevel gears I40 and I42, moves the col- Iar I38 to the left. Thereby thegear I42 is caused to move to the left and to mesh with gear I44 on theactuating shaft I46 that carries the fly wheel Mt, while at the sametimethe gear I40 is thrown out oi mesh with gear I44.

The gear I42 is 'slidably mounted on the shaft Ibd but rotatestherewith. Consequently, in the position shown in Figure 8, the gear I42is driven by the clockwork arrangement shown as comprising a gear I54fixedly mounted on shaft I50 and driven by the gear I53 that is actuatedby a clock spring (not shown) similar to the spring 36 of the firstembodiment.

it ratchet Hill is fixedly related to the shaft I20, and is engaged bythe pawl I62 carried by the frame Itit, so that the shaft I20 can onlyrotate in one direction.

lit will be understood that the spring and its mounting function likethe corresponding parts of the previously described embodiments.

The gear I40 is driven from the pinion I24 through the intermediategears I10 and I00, fixedly related respectively .to the pinion I24 andto the shalt IIiB, the latter carrying the gear I40.

it will now be clear that while the lever I30 and its arm Ilt are beingpushed inward, the pinion III I runs idle, while the shaft I20 is lockedagainst rotation. by the pawl and ratchet arrangement IIIII and Iti, andthe coil spring in the housing III I will unwind and through its teethI56 will actuate the train of gears'l54, I42 and I44 and will turn theily wheel I40 and actuate the dry shaver head.

its the lever I30 nears the end of its inward movement the cam I'32releases the arm I34 which is moved to the left by the spring I38 andthe member I36 is moved to the right so that gear Ill is disengaged fromthe gear I44, while the gear Ito is moved intoengagement with the gearltd. As the gear I42 moves to the right the clutch teeth I5I on its hubengage the fixed set of teeth I52 and .the frame, so that the springcannot unwind; on the contrary it is wound up due to the turning of theshaft I20 by the outward movement of lever I30.

As the pinion I24 turns, the fly wheel I48 is caused to turn andtheshaver head I49 is actuated by the train of gears already described,which is in mesh with the gear I44 on the actuating shaft I46.

As the end of the outward movement is reached the cam I32 again acts tothrow the lever I34 so as to disconnect the gear I40 from gear I44 andto connect gear I42 to gear I44, whereby the thereof, as will be obviousto those skilled in the art, and that the disclosure herein is by way ofillustration merely and is not to be'interpreted in a limiting sense,and that I do not limit myself other than as called for by the priorart.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its use, what I claimas new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. Motor mechanism for a dry shaver comprising a member in the form of arotating mass for storing and giving out energy, a second energy storingmember of a different type, manual means for applying energy to saidmembers, mechanism for connecting said members to said manual means, andmechanism to cause said second energy storing member to actuate saidrotating mass when the speed of rotation of the mass drops below apredetermined speed of rotation.

2. Motor mechanism for a dry shaver, said mechanism comprising meansmanually movable from a normal position in one direction, meansenergized by said movement to return said mann ally movable means to itsnormal position, a shaver head, actuating means for said shaver headincluding a fly wheel, a power storage device, mechanism for causingmovement of said manually movable means in one direction to store powerin said device, mechanism for causing said manually movable means on itsreturn movement into its normal position to actuate said fly wheel, andmechanism for discharging power from said device into said fly wheel.

Motor mechanism for a dry shaver provided with an actuating shaft forthe shaver head, said mechanism comprising a mass carried by theactuating shaft, a resilient power device, means for transferring energyfrom said power device to said actuating shaft, and manually operatedmechanism for simultaneously actuating said actuating shaft and chargingsaid device.

i. Motor mechanism for a dry shaver having a shaver head comprisingmeans manually movable from a normal position in one direction, meansenergized by said movement to return said manually movable means to itsnormal position, actuating means for said shaver head including a flywheel, a power storage device, mechanism for causing movement of saidmanually movable means in one direction to store power in said device,and a clutch operated by the movement of said manually movable means inone direction to cause said device to discharge power into said flywheel and by movement in the opposite direction to cause said manuallymovable means to actuate said fly wheel.

5. Actuating mechanism for a dry shaver, said mechanism comprising anactuating shalt, a fly 6. Actuating mechanism for a dry shaver, saidmechanism comprising an actuating shaft, a fly wheel on said actuatingshaft, a main shaft, a member manually movable in one direction forrotating said main shaft in one direction, means for bringing saidmanually movable member back into a normal position whenever it isdisplaced therefrom manually, mechanism for driving said actuating shaftwhenever said manually movable member moves in one direction, a springmotor adapted to be wound when said main shaft is moved, and mechanismfor driving said actuating shaft from said spring motor.

'7. Actuating mechanism for a dry shaver, said mechanism comprising anactuating shaft, a main shaft, a member manually movable in onedirection for rotating said main shaft in one direction, means forbringing said manually movable member back into a normal positionwhenever it is displaced therefrom manually, mechanism for driving saidactuating shaft whenever said manually movable member moves in onedirection, a spring motor adapted to be wound when said main shaft ismoved, and mechanism for driving said actuating shaft from said springmotor.

8. Actuating mechanism for a dry shaver, said mechanism comprising anactuating shaft, a fly wheel on said actuating shaft, a main shaft, amember manually movable in one direction for rotating said main shaft inone direction, means for bringing said manually movable member back intoa normal position whenever it is displaced therefrom manually, mechanismfor driving said actuating shaft whenever said manually movable membermoves in one direction, a spring motor adapted to be wound when saidmain shaft is moved, and mechanism for driving said actuating shaft fromsaid spring motor, said mechanisms each including automatic one-wayclutches permitting said actuating shaft to outrun either of saidmechanisms.

9. Motor mechanism for a dry shaver head, said mechanism comprising anactuating shaft, a fly wheel on said actuating shaft, a coil spring,manually operated mechanism for driving said actuating shaft and windingsaid coil spring, and means independent of said manually operatedmechanism for transferring energy from said coil spring to saidactuating shaft.

10. Motor mechanism for a dry shaver head, said mechanism comprising anactuating shaft, a

coil spring, manually operated mechanism for driving said actuatingshaft and winding said coil spring, and means independent of saidmanually operated mechanism for transferring energy from said coilspring to said actuating shaft.

11. Motor mechanism for a dry shaver having a shaver head, saidmechanism comprising an actuating shaft for said shaver head, afly-wheel on said actuating shaft, a spring motor, manually operablemeans for rotating said shaft and for winding said spring motor, andclutch means operated by said manual means for alternately connectingsaid actuating shaft to said manually operable means and to saidresilient means.

12. Motor mechanism for a dry shaver having a shaver head, saidmechanism comprising an actuating shaft for said shaver head, a springmotor, manually operable means for rotating said shaft and for windingsaid spring motor, and clutch means operated by said manual means foralternately connecting said actuating shaft to the said manuallyoperable means and to said resilient means.

13. Motor mechanism fora dry shaver comprising a fly-wheel for storingand giving out energy, a coil spring, manual means for driving saidfiy-wheel or winding the coil spring, and mechanism operated by saidmanual means for causing said coil spring to drive said fly-wheel.

1d. Motor mechanism for a dry shaver head, said mechanism comprising anactuating shaft, a fly wheel on said actuating shaft, a coil spring,.amanually operated mechanism for alternately driving said actuating shaftand winding said coil spring, and means independent of said manuallyoperated mechanism for transferring energy from said coil spring to saidactuating shaft.

15. Actuating mechanism for a dry shaver, said mechanism comprising anactuating shaft, a fly wheel on said shaft, a spring motor, a manuallyoperable oscillatable member, mechanism for winding said spring motor bymovement of said member in one direction, mechanism for rotating saidactuating shaft by movemnt of said member in the opposite direction, andmechanism for transmitting power from said spring motor to saidactuating shaft, said two last namedmechanisms including automaticone-way clutches permitting said actuating shaft to outrun either ofsaid mechanisms.

GODFREY DALKOWITZ.

